Amino acids– are organic chemical compounds,
which are the basic components of proteins, consist of molecules: carbon, nitrogen, hydrogen, oxygen
and a variable side chain group (some also contain elements such as iron, sulfur, copper, magnesium, calcium, iodine and phosphorus).
Protein amino acids play a fundamental role in the human body.
Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins.
They are involved in the production of hormones, enzymes and neurotransmitters and body fluids, have a positive effect on the functioning of the liver and central nervous system.
Amino acids contribute to improve our mood, and also alleviate the effects of excessive alcohol consumption and smoking cigarettes.
Amino acids provide support for the muscle regeneration process, building muscle mass, as well as reducing the feeling of fatigue after training.
EAA (Essential Amino Acid)
can be provided through diet (varied) or supplementation;
are necessary for the proper functioning of the body.
Phenylalanine, threonine, tryptophan, methionine, leucine, histidine, L-valine, L-leucine, L-isoleucine.
Play a building role, affect anabolism and muscle protein synthesis, have anti catabolic effects.
BCAA (Branched Chain Amino Acid)
are used by physically active people to enhance the effects and shorten the regeneration processes and reducing the feeling of fatigue after training.
L- valine, L- leucine, L- isoleucine.
They are a source of high quality protein, characterised by a branched aliphatic side chain (they are metabolised mainly in the muscles, not in the liver). They protect muscles against catabolism.
Endogenous: synthesised amino acids in the human body, hence their demand can thus be completely covered.
Alanine, asparagine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, glycine, glutamine, proline, serine.
Alanine
is responsible for glucose transport to red blood cells and the brain,
takes part in the construction of proteins;
increases the body’s efficiency and supports muscle function.
Asparagine
supports the process of learning, remembering and concentration,
protects the body against the self attack of immunoglobins, participates in the metabolism of carbohydrates
for energy in muscles, has an anabolic effect.
Glutamic acid
supports digestion, reduces fatigue and improves memory, it is an excitatory neurotransmitter in the nervous system.
Glycine
supports the treatment of arthritis and diabetes, takes part in the synthesis of erythrocytes, the supply of amino acids,
in the biosynthesis of glucose and keratin,
supports the digestive and immune systems.
Glutamine
cleanses the body of unnecessary metabolic products, supports intestinal function,
it is very anti catabolic and regenerative, the functioning of the immune system improves.
Proline
the main tissue component is involved in muscle protein anabolism
and in all three phases wound healing.
Serine
supports the immune system and the functioning of neurons,
improves memory and the functioning of the nervous system,
and participates in the production of energy at the cellular level.
Exogenous: essential organic compounds to life which the human body is unable to produce itself, so they must be delivered
through diet (varied) or dietary supplements.
Lysine, tryptophan, phenylalanine, threonine, valine, leucine, isoleucine and methionine,
and in infants also histidine.
Lysine
has antiviral functions and increasing the body’s immunity,
facilitates the absorption of calcium, increases mental concentration; participates in the production of hormones, enzymes, antibodies, is part of collagen.
Tryptophan
regulates metabolism, affects the secretion of hormones supporting the synthesis of vitamin B6 and niacin; is transformed
in serotonin and melatonin, as well as neurotransmitters (participate in the transmission of nerve impulses), regulates appetite.
Phenylalanine
is a precursor of many hormones, including tyrosine, dopamine, epinephrine and norepinephrine; participates in the biosynthesis of collagen (basic fibrous protein).
Threonine
participates in collagen synthesis and elastin, and also regulates liver metabolism and protein metabolism, which is responsible for the proper functioning of the nervous system.
Valine
helps stimulate muscle regeneration and contributes to the reduction of excess fat tissue.
Leucine
lowers cortisol levels, regulates blood sugar levels and stimulates the wound healing process,
protects against muscle catabolism.
Isoleucine
regulates the level of sugar, an essential ingredient in the synthesis of hemoglobin, takes part in muscle metabolism,
regulates blood sugar levels.
Methionine
regulates the production of growth hormone, detoxifies the liver and rebuilds hepatocytes and nephrocytes, has a beneficial effect on the digestive system.
Histidine
participates in the synthesis of erythrocytes and leukocytes, a component of body tissues, improves functioning
digestive system, stimulates the proper functioning of the immune system.
Relatively endogenous amino acids, conditionally essential amino acids
– the human body is able to produce them on its own only when when appropriate amounts of amino acid precursors are available.
Tyrosine, cystine, ornithine.
Tyrosine
is responsible for the proper functioning of the thyroid gland and is involved in the production of collagen
and melanin synthesis.
Cysteine
takes part in the production of collagen and the construction of glutathione;
protects against the toxic effects of alcohol and cigarettes.
Ornithine
improves intestinal function and digestive enzymes, lowers cortisol and improves sleep quality.
Relatively exogenous amino acids, conditionally essential amino acids
– the human body is able to produce them on its own only when appropriate amounts of amino acid precursors are available.
Histidine, arginine.
Histidine
participates in the synthesis of erythrocytes and leukocytes, a component of body tissues, improves functioning
digestive system, stimulates proper work immune system.
Arginine
delays aging processes, accelerates wound healing and improves physical activity.
Amino acids in cosmetology
They are a component of NMF, have a huge impact on hydration and control the skin’s osmotic pressure (distribution of water in the skin). They have antioxidant properties, anti inflammatory, accelerate regeneration, increase skin immunity, activate collagen production, have anti aging properties, they take part in the reconstruction hydrolipid layer.
Arginine
anti inflammatory, contributes to stimulate skin cells, strengthens the hydrolipid barrier.
Proline
has the highest water-binding capacity, renews cells and collagen fibers.
Glycine
takes part in collagen synthesis, regenerates the skin.
Alanine
makes it elastic, regenerates, activates collagen production.
Leucine
nourishes, regenerates.
Serine
regulates the hydrolipid coat, has anti inflammatory properties.
Lysine
increases the skin’s resistance to viruses and enhances the effect of antioxidants.
Glutamic Acid
regulates lipid metabolism, creates an occlusive layer.
Aspartic Acid
affects the mineral balance of the skin.
PCA
strongly moisturising, binds and retains water in the epidermis.
Valine
has a reparative effect.
Threonine
stimulates the synthesis of collagen and elastin.
Isoleucine
helps regenerate the skin.
Histidine
protects against harmful effects UV rays.
Phenylalanine
takes part in the process of melanogenesis.
Amino acids. Types of amino acids: endogenous amino acids, exogenous amino acids, relatively endogenous amino acids, relatively exogenous amino acids. EEA – essential amino acids, BCAA – branched chain amino acids. Amino acids in cosmetology.