A scar– is a change resulting from a defect, injury or damage to the skin.
The healing process involves replenishing the damage with fibrous connective tissue – it consists of new tissues and collagen fibers.
As a result of healing, the affected area acquires an irregular, rough and distinctive shape
Stages of scar formation:
inflammatory phase (48-72 hours)- inflammation occurs at the site of damage, the tissue becomes hyperemic and the permeability of capillaries increases, during this time a blood clot is produced, which protects the wound against external factors, and growth factors are released that respond to for the gradual production of new tissue.
organic inflammatory phase (7 days)- the body cleanses the wound of dead cells and microorganisms, blood vessels penetrate the wound.
proliferation phase (10-15 days)- collagen is produced and new cells are formed, the wound is filled with collagen fibers that fill the gap, during this phase epithelium is formed, and then a scab under which there is a scar.
phase of reconstruction, remodeling, maturation (1 month- 2 years)- a process during which collagen fibers are formed and thickened, new collagen fibers replace the old ones, the scar transforms into the dermis.
Types of scars
Due to appearance:
keloid scars- keloids- are scars that are formed from excess collagen fibers and grow beyond the wound, they are convex, hard, irregular in shape, red, bluish-red, purple.
hypertrophic scars- hard, convex, red or lighter than the surrounding skin, do not exceed the area of the original wound.
atrophic scars- are formed as a result of the breakdown of collagen fibers, they are also cavities resulting from too little collagen production.
By origin:
post-traumatic scars,
postoperative and postoperative scars,
scar after cesarean section,
scars after plastic surgery,
burn scars,
acne and chickenpox scars.
Due to the time of creation:
immature scars- thick, hard, red, itchy, painful, convex.
mature scars- light, flat, soft, elastic.
Active ingredients helpful in reducing scars: silicone, heparin, allantoin, onion extract, mother of pearl, centella asiatica, plant oils, substances rebuilding the hydrolipid layer.
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